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仍有许多挑战需要克服，以创建具有高能量和高功率密度的可靠电化学存储装置。电池和超级电容器技术都包含其能力差距，并且它们都不具有单个设备中的高能量和功率密度。来自新墨西哥州桑迪亚国家实验室的一群研究人员通过使用与金电流收集器约束的束缚氧化物纳米颗粒采用了不同的策略，以生产解决围绕储能存储设备的许多当前问题的储能材料。欧洲杯足球竞彩欧洲杯猜球平台
Electrochemical energy storage devices are the main proprietor of storing charge when size and weight are critical factors. Both batteries and supercapacitors have made significant advancements in recent years, but are still lacking in fundamental areas such as energy density, power density and reliability. The main limitation in these electrochemical systems is the use of inactive material in the electrodes, where current technology only achieves an active mass of 70-80%. Poor life cycle and charge transfer, choice of electrolyte and degradation of the electrodes are just some of the other challenges that the current technologies face.
The researchers have created an alternate approach by using tethered manganese oxide nanoparticles, and although it doesn’t address every problem facing electrochemical energy storage today, it does provide a system that has a high reliability, energy density, and power density in a single device.
研究人员合成生产锰氧化物（MNOx）nanoparticles, which are tethered to a gold current collector by conductive organic linkers that are less than 2 nm in length.
研究人员使用湿化学技术和一种自组装方法开发了可扩展的方法。研究人员使用了带有4-氨基硫醇有机接头的MNO纳米颗粒，尽管欧洲杯猜球平台基于锰的氧化态，可以使用不同的纳米颗粒组成。研究人员使用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）来表征材料。
Unlike other systems, 99.9% of the material is active, excluding the current collector. By using organic linkers, the researchers produced a material which did not require any ‘inactive’ filler material and has produced a material that is virtually all active.
束缚结构通过使用有机束缚链路限制了穿过氧化物材料的电荷的距离，超出了正常的电导率机制。在其他材料中，通常欧洲杯足球竞彩是由碳添加剂（即填充分子）促进的。
该材料还解决了另一个常见的问题 - 电荷和放电周期。通过使用独立的纳米颗粒，活性材料可以容纳大量的应变和尺欧洲杯猜球平台寸变化。当阳离子被插入/去干预时，与其他电化学存储设备相比，材料的柔性结构可以允许这种变化，从而改善了电荷/放电机制。
锰氧化物纳米颗粒的阵列也非常可调且用途广泛。欧洲杯猜球平台通过更改组成和氧化状态，该阵列可用于一系列电化学储存电极。MNO可以用作锂离子电池的阳极。mno2可以用作锂离子和Li金属电池的阴极，用于氧化物超级电容器的电极，也可以用作Li-Air电池中氧气减少的催化剂。锰本身也具有两个重要因素 - 它是丰富的，成本低。这两个因素使这些材料成为商业和大规模存储应用的理欧洲杯足球竞彩想候选者。
In short, the tethered nanoparticle array is modifiable and addresses many of the current limitations in electrochemical systems today. By producing a material that improves on current charge and discharge times, power densities, larger voltage windows and charge transfer times, the researchers have created a material that could potentially become a main player in the world of electrochemical energy storage.
来源：
史蒂文斯（Stevens T.欧洲杯猜球平台科学报告, 2017,7, 44191
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