许多因素，例如沿海地区的全球变暖和加速城市化，都威胁着世界的珊瑚礁，使海洋生物承受着巨大的压力。
The world’s coral reefs are becoming extinct due to many factors such as global warming and accelerated urbanization in coastal areas, which places tremendous stress on marine life. In a paper recently published in the journal Science of the Total Environment, researchers from four of Israel’s leading universities highlight a 3D printing method they developed to preserve coral reefs. Their innovation is based on the natural structure of coral reefs off the southern coastal Israeli city of Eilat, but their model is adaptable to other marine environments and may help curb reef devastation plaguing coral ecosystems around the world. Photo: The workflow of the 3D interface, starting with data collection using molecular tools and 3D imaging. Next, the translation of the 3D reef structure based on the reef’s biodiversity and core characteristics to generate a design for the 3D printer, followed by the evaluation of the reef reformation goals using the molecular and 3D imaging evaluation toolkit. Image Credit: Natalie Levy and Ofer Berman
The rapid decline of coral reefs has increased the need for exploring interdisciplinary methods for reef restoration. Examining how to conserve the biodiversity of coral reefs is a key issue, but there is also an urgent need to invest in technology that can improve the coral ecosystem and our understanding of the reef environment。
娜塔莉·利维（Natalie Levy），巴尔 - 艾伦大学博士学位
Scientists from four of Israel’s leading universities recently developed a 3D printing technique to preserve coral reefs. Their invention is based on the natural structure of coral reefs off the coast of Eilat, Israel, but their model can be applied to other marine environments and could help to prevent reef devastation that is wreaking havoc on coral ecosystems all over the world. The study was published in the欧洲杯线上买球总环境科学。
联合研究由Oren Levy和Ph.D.教授领导。Mina的学生Natalie Levy和Everard Goodman生命科学学院欧洲杯线上买球Bar-Ilan大学, Professor Ezri Tarazi and Ph.D. student Ofer Berman from the Technion’s Architecture and Town Planning Faculty, Professor Tali Treibitz and Ph.D. student Matan Yuval from the University of Haifa, and Professor Yossi Loya of Tel Aviv University.
3D过程的第一步是扫描珊瑚礁的水下图像。使用此视觉数据，礁石的三维模型的精度最高。拍摄成千上万的图像并发送到实验室，以确定礁石的复杂形状以及该形状如何促进礁物种多样性的演变。
The scientists then gathered environmental genetic information using a molecular method, which provided precise data on the reef’s organisms. This information is combined with other parameters and fed into a 3D technology algorithm, allowing a parametric interactive model of the reef to be created. The three-dimensional model can be customized to fit the specific reef ecosystem.
3D打印中陶瓷礁的翻译和制造是最后阶段。这些礁石是由一种自然多孔水下的特殊陶瓷制成的，为受影响的地区提供了最佳的建筑和修复需求，或者为创建新的珊瑚礁结构以继续生命的基础。
具有天然材料的三维印刷有助于产生高度复杂和多样的单元，而通常的霉菌生产方法是不可能的。
以色列理工学院建筑与城镇规划技术学院教授Ezri Tarazi教授
该过程将3D扫描算法与环境DNA采样和3D打印算法集成在一起，以允许对每个礁石数据进行深入和准确的分析，并将印刷模型自定义为特定的礁石环境。此外，根据过程中收集的信息，可以将数据重新添加到该算法中，以评估设计实施后的功效水平。
现有的人造礁很难复制珊瑚栖息地的复杂性和托管自然环境的礁石物种。我们介绍了一种新颖的可自定义3D界面，用于生产可扩展结构，利用从珊瑚生态系统收集的真实数据。
Natalie Levy, Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University
Ofer Berman的评论：“The use of three-dimensional printing allows extensive freedom of action in reality algorithm-based solutions, and the assimilation of sustainable production for the development of large-scale marine rehabilitation。”
根据调查人员的说法，当前的研究解决了拯救珊瑚礁的两个至关重要的需求。首先是需要有助于进行大规模修复的创造性解决方案，可用于支持世界各地的珊瑚礁。
第二个是在大小和设计方面的珊瑚礁自然复杂性的娱乐，以吸引鱼类，珊瑚和无脊椎动物等礁石物种，从而有助于恢复天然的珊瑚礁。
Numerous 3D-printed reefs are currently being installed in the Gulf of Eilat by the researchers. They believe that the findings will enable them to apply this technology to other reef ecosystems all around the world.
期刊参考：
Levy, N.,等。（2022）新兴的3D技术，用于未来的珊瑚礁改革：使用基于自然设计的仿生结构来增强生物多样性。欧洲杯线上买球总环境科学。doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154749。
资源：https://www.biu.ac.il/en